资产评估课程实践教学研究

开展资产评估课程实践教学可以培养学生的实践动手能力,提高学生分析问题解决问题的能力。针对目前中国的高等院校开设资产评估专业的不多、资产评估课程教学中普遍偏重理论知识的传授而缺少实践教学环节的现状,研究了会计专业资产评估课程教学中存在的主要问题,并提出了实践教学对策,如实行案例教学、建立资产评估软件运行平台、进行模拟评估等,以期为资产评估课程实践教学提供参考。     

作物生长模型同化SAR数据模拟作物生物量时域变化特征(英文)

生物量是监测作物长势的一个重要指标,可以反映作物的生长状况,和作物产量有密切关系。遥感获取生物量的方法之一是通过基于矢量辐射传输方程的微波冠层散射模型反演,但多数模型反演方法并未考虑作物生物量在不同阶段的变化特征。运用数据同化方法,将 SAR 数据提取的生物量信息和作物生长模型结合,描述作物生物量与时间变化的关系,提高生物量估测精度。通过分析生物量和 SAR 数据提取的后向散射系数的时域变化关系建立反演模型估算生物量。在构建代价函数的基础上,采用共轭梯度法对生长模型参数进行优化,使模型估算的生物量和SAR 数据反演的生物量差值最小。结果表明,引入 SAR 数据修正后的作物生长模型模拟生物量和实测值的时间分布基本吻合,且比未引入 SAR数据的结果精度有明显提高。因此采用 SAR 数据提取的作物实时生长信息可以修正作物生长模型关键参数以提高模拟生物量的精度。     

棉花冰雹灾害风险评价——以安徽省为例(英文)

[目的]以安徽省为例,对棉花冰雹灾害进行风险评价。[方法]以我国雹灾多发区安徽省为例,基于安徽省棉花雹灾风险评价数据库,采用统计推断法和综合指标度量法,提取雹灾致灾强度指数(H)和棉花损失率(L);使用Matlab和SPSS软件,拟合棉花苗期、蕾期、铃期和吐絮期4条雹灾脆弱性曲线;基于构建的棉花雹灾年度灾害损失率计算模型Sa=ni=1ΣSi-ni=1仪Si=1-(1-Si),开展安徽省棉花雹灾风险评价,并编绘风险评价图谱。[结果]安徽省棉花雹灾高风险区集中在东北部地区和皖西山地丘陵区,低风险区分布在长江中下游地区和皖南山区,与棉花历史雹灾空间分布吻合较好。[结论]该研究探讨了基于不完备信息数据的雹灾风险评价方法,可为其他地区雹灾风险评价提供方法和技术参考。     

灰色综合评判法在夏大豆新品种评价中的应用

应用灰色综合评判法,对2010年国家黄淮海夏大豆品种区试南B组试验结果进行分析,综合11个较为重要的性状指标,对16个参试品种的表现进行综合评估,为夏大豆新品种选育与合理利用提供一种新的较为全面的量化分析方法,弥补了经典鉴定方法的不足。     

土壤质量评价国内外研究进展

阐述了土壤质量及土壤质量评价的内涵,并从土壤质量评价的3个过程,即评价指标的筛选、评价指标权重的确定、评价方法的选择分别进行了分析。目前土壤质量评价工作中指标体系最小数据集筛选方法、评价指标转化的数学模型、定量化评价方法是当前土壤质量评价研究的热点。     

五大连池重碳酸矿泉水中Mn、Ni离子的健康风险评价

根据五大连池重碳酸矿泉水中Mn、Ni离子的水质监测数据,采用美国环境保护署(USEPA)推荐的水环境健康风险评价模型,对重碳酸矿泉水中金属离子Mn、Ni通过饮水途径引起的健康风险进行了评价。结果表明:五大连池重碳酸矿泉水富含Mn、Ni离子,并且Mn、Ni离子含量高于《饮用天然矿泉水》的标准。但是成人每天饮用2.2L五大连池重碳酸矿泉水,矿泉水中躯体毒物质Mn、Ni离子所引起的健康风险度低于国际辐射防护委员会(ICRP)推荐的最大可接受风险水平5.0×10-5a-1。表明直接饮用五大连池重碳酸矿泉水,Mn、Ni离子对人体健康不会造成危害。     

环境影响评价工程分析中清洁生产思维的运用研究

根据环境影响评价和清洁生产各自的内容和特点,阐述了两者之间的内在联系,深入分析了两者之间最为重要的结合面一项目工程分析,并就建设项目环境影响评价工程分析中清洁生产思维的运用做了实用性探讨,同时也指出了两者结合面上的局限性,并提出了相应的解决方法和措施。     

Response of Fagus sylvatica Seedlings to Root Trenching of Overstorey Picea abies

In a trenching experiment the impact of root competition by overstorey Norway spruce on growth and allocation of above-ground woody biomass of advanced planted beech was investigated in two stands over two growing seasons after trenching. Measurements of soil water potential were taken inside and outside trenched areas by tensiometers at 16 measuring points in one stand from May to September 1999. Height and diameter of the seedlings, as well as branch length and diameter, were measured of beech growing in trenched and untrenched conditions in September before trenching (1998) and afterwards (1999 and 2000). Tensiometers inside the trenches reached the expiring value of -0.085 Mpa 30-40 days later, or never, compared with those in untrenched areas. Whereas relative growth rate (RGR) in height was not affected by trenching, RGR both in diameter and in estimated dry weight of the main stem were substantially enhanced in the first growing season after trenching (1999). A different result was obtained in 2000, when RGR in seedling diameter and estimated dry weight of the main stem was slightly reduced by trenching. The only variable that showed increased RGR of the trenched seedlings in both years was the estimated dry weight of the branches, indicating different above-ground biomass allocation patterns of seedlings with and without root competition.     

青海拉鸡山地区植物生物量及物种丰富度对海拔梯度变化的响应

以青海省海南州贵德县拉鸡山地区植物群落为研究对象,从海拔3100～3920m,划分为9个海拔梯度,研究了植物生物量及物种丰富度沿海拔梯度的变化特征。结果表明:阳坡地上生物量与物种丰富度呈极显著正相关关系(r=0.564,P<0.01),总生物量与根冠比呈极显著正相关关系(r=0.714,P<0.01);海拔与地上生物量呈极显著负相关关系(r=-0.773,P<0.01),与地下生物量、总生物量、根冠比呈极显著正相关关系(r=0.769、r=0.753、r=0.692,P<0.01)。阴坡植物群落总生物量与地上生物量之间呈显著正相关关系(r=0.495,P<0.05),与地下生物量之间成极显著正相关关系(r=0.960,P<0.01),与海拔呈极显著负相关(r=-0.519,P<0.01);根冠比与地上生物量呈极显著负相关关系(r=-0.631,P<0.01)。地上生物量与海拔呈极显著负相关(r=-0.678,P<0.01)。     

Distribution of biomass and carbon in even‐aged stands of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.): A case study on spacing and thinning effects in northern Denmark

The main objective of this case study was to explore the possible influence of forest management on the levels and distribution of biomass and carbon (C) in even-aged stands of Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] in Denmark. Data originated from a long-term thinning experiment and an adjacent spacing experiment at stand ages of 58 and 41 years, respectively. Biomass of 16 trees from different thinning and spacing treatments was measured or partly estimated, and soils were sampled for determination of C stocks. All trees in each plot were measured for stem diameter and some for total height, to allow for scaling-up results to stand-level estimates. For trees of similar size, foliage biomass tended to be higher in the spacing experiment, which was located on slightly more fertile land. Foliage biomass increased with increasing thinning grade, but the effect could not be separated from that of tree size. At stand level, foliage biomass tended to increase with increasing spacing as well as with increasing thinning grade. For branchwood, stems and roots (including below-ground stump), the biomass increased with increasing tree size and stand volume at tree and stand level, respectively, but no differences between stands, spacings or thinning grades were observed, apart from that expressed by tree size or stand volume. At stand level, C stocks of all biomass compartments decreased with increasing thinning grade, while the distribution between compartments was hardly influenced. The ratio between above-ground and stem biomass was about 1.21 at stand level, while the ratio between below- and above-ground biomass was about 0.17. Thinning influenced the C stock of the forest floor and mineral soil oppositely, resulting in no effect of thinning on total soil C.